Rolling Resistance (Crr):
- 0.002–0.003 (indoor wood)
- 0.003–0.004 (smooth concrete)
- 0.004–0.005 (asphalt).
Weight (Kg):
Total system weight - rider plus bike.
Mechanical Efficiency:
A percentage of power transfer efficiency from the athlete through the bike.
- 0.94 = poorly maintained drive chain (or standard road bike chain)
- 0.96 = competitive but not fully optimised
- 0.98 = world class components, quality performance bearings etc.
Air Density (Kg/m3):
If you have an air-density meter (e.g., Kestrel), use live data. If unknown, assume 1.225 kg/m³ (≈15 °C at sea level).
