Rolling resistance (Crr)
- 0.002 to 0.003 for indoor wood
- 0.003 to 0.004 for smooth concrete
- 0.004 to 0.005 for asphalt
Weight (kg)
Total system weight, rider plus bike.
Mechanical efficiency
Percentage of power transfer efficiency from the athlete through the bike.
- 0.94 = poorly maintained drive chain or standard road chain
- 0.96 = competitive but not fully optimised
- 0.98 = world class components and quality bearings
Air density (kg/m³)
If you have an air-density meter, use live data. If unknown, assume 1.225 kg/m³.